Comprehensive Guide to Laboratory Autoclave (High-Pressure Steam Sterilizer)
I. Principles and Functions
Autoclaves use high-temperature, high-pressure saturated steam (typically 121°C, 0.1MPa) to denature microbial proteins, achieving sterilizationThis method is suitable for heat-resistant materials such as culture media, glassware, and surgical instruments, effectively eliminating all microorganisms, including bacterial spores
II. Classification and Structure
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Types
- Portable: Compact (8L–30L), lightweight, ideal for routine laboratory use
- Vertical: Larger capacity (30L–200L), designed for hospitals or bulk sterilization
- Pre-vacuum: Removes air before sterilization to enhance steam penetration, suitable for porous or complex items
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Key Components
- Sealed chamber, pressure gauge, safety valve, exhaust valve, and heating elements
- Advanced models feature automated control systems (e.g., microprocessor-regulated pressure/temperature/time)
III. Operating Procedures
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Preparation
- Verify water level, safety valve integrity, and chamber sealing
- Load items into the inner basket without overcrowding to ensure steam circulation
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Sterilization Phase
- Heat to generate steam, expel residual air via exhaust valve, then close the valve
- Maintain target pressure (e.g., 0.1MPa) for 15–30 minutes (adjust based on material type)
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Completion
- Allow natural cooling until pressure drops to zero. Open the exhaust valve and lid cautiously to avoid burns
IV. Safety and Maintenance
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Safety Protocols
- Operator training is mandatory. Never open the lid before the pressure has fully released
- For liquid sterilization, vent pressure gradually to prevent boiling overflow
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Maintenance
- Regularly inspect safety valves, seals, and exhaust lines for blockages or wear
- Remove mineral deposits post-use to maintain heating efficiency
V. Typical Applications
- Laboratories: Sterilizing culture media, lab tools
- Medical Settings: Disinfecting surgical instruments, dressings
- Food Industry: Packaging and canned goods sterilization
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